MDF vs ICM: Rethinking Bluffing & Defense Strategies in MTTs
Minimum Defense Frequency (MDF) is, strictly speaking, the calling (and/or raising) frequency that makes your opponent’s 0%…
Bounty Models Explained: Solving Knockout Tournaments
We’ve just rolled out a revolutionary update! You can now find optimal postflop ICM strategies tailored for…
Theoretical Breakthroughs in ICM
Today, we’ll share one of the most significant theoretical breakthroughs in tournament poker since the invention of…
The Limitations of Nash Equilibrium in ICM Spots
In the complex world of poker tournaments, the Independent Chip Model (ICM) plays a pivotal role in…
Money Bubble vs Final Table Bubble
Is one bubble the same as another? Should we play more conservatively on the money bubble of…
Facing 3-Bets From Covering Stacks at the Final Table
The last thing you want when you have a nice stack at the final table of an…
How To Review ICM Preflop Ranges
In a sense, tournaments could be considered the more complex format compared to cash games. The case…
C-Betting Against ICM Preflop Ranges
You raise from early position (EP) in a multi-table tournament and the BB calls. Both of you…
When ICM Breaks Down
If you have read my previous GTO Wizard articles and my books, you’ll know I am a…