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If you have read my previous GTO Wizard articles and my books, you’ll know I…

One of the criticisms of ICM is that it is boring and robotic. In my…

In a previous GTO Wizard article, I asserted that “Playing against an in-position cold-caller is…

Playing a short stack well is an essential tournament skill. It is extremely rare to…

In my last two articles, I wrote about the effect field size and payout structure…

Last time we discussed the ICM considerations in game selection, we looked at field size,…

When you three-bet before the flop and the original raiser calls from out of position,…

Continuation betting from out of position can be a dicey proposition in single-raised pots. Cold…

Dynamic Sizing is a revolutionary new poker algorithm that automatically simplifies your strategy with the…

Dynamic Sizing is a revolutionary new poker algorithm that automatically simplifies your strategy with the…

When people talk about game selection in multi-table tournaments (MTTs), they invariably talk about the…

This is a companion piece to Attacking Paired Flops from the BB; you will get…

Final tables can be the most exciting and rewarding phase of a tournament, and being…

Paired flops present unique challenges to both a preflop raiser and a BB caller. The…

With only fourteen players remaining in the 2023 WSOP Main Event and blinds of 400K/800K/800K,…

You open raise, someone calls, and the BB squeezes. How should you construct your strategy?…

In 2022, Philippe Beardsell and Marc-Antoine Provost, a team of Canadian programmers from Quebec, developed…

We are excited to introduce GTO Wizard AI, formerly known as Ruse, the world’s best…

GTO Wizard has combined the power of artificial intelligence with traditional solving methods to bring…

Perhaps the most important strategic consideration in Progressive Knockout Tournaments (PKOs) is making sure you…

In poker, overcalling refers to calling a bet or raise after another player has also…

I am fortunate enough to have worked for many years with the mental game coach…

Although most commonly analyzed on turns and rivers, flop overbetting can be a devastating weapon…

How many times has it happened to you that you make a mistake only to…

Playing out of position is tricky, but it’s an essential part of tournament play. With…

Success as the BB in limped pots begins before the flop. The BB’s equilibrium strategy…

A “chopped board” in poker is one where the community cards make up the best…

MTT confrontations between the small blind and big blind force no-limit players into uncomfortable situations,…

In his book The Art of Learning, chess and Push Hands champion Josh Waitzkin describes…

“Donk betting”, or betting from out of position into the player who was the aggressor…

This is a companion piece to Probe Betting. It stands on its own, but understanding…

As far as rules of thumb go in poker, “check to the raiser” is a…

This is a companion piece to this article on the SB’s strategy for blind vs…

ICM incentivizes more conservative play, which means that at stages of the tournament where risk…

The mathematics of poker holds a little-known secret: the first bettor enjoys better bluffing odds…

When you have a lot of chips at a final table or in another situation…

Our never-ending quest for money and fame leads us to the flop. We open the…

When I first started working with preflop solves, one of the features I found most…

Why do so many professional poker players register late for tournaments when they clearly would…

Playing against an in-position cold-caller is dramatically different–and dramatically more difficult–than playing against a caller…

Solver outputs such as those provided by GTO Wizard are models of no-limit hold ‘em,…

Most people’s first introduction to the Independent Chip Model (ICM) is not from studying bubble…

If you have read The Theory of Progressive Knockout Tournaments you already know why we…

Often when looking through a solver’s meticulously crafted grid of deception, one of the following…

A Cold-call refers to the act of calling a preflop raise when you don’t close…

In the world of poker, the flop is a crucial stage of the game that…

The field of Game Theoretically Optimal poker is extensive, and thus, to simplify our strategy,…

Progressive Knockout (PKO) tournaments are much more complex than traditional MTTs. The fact that players…

One of the most frequently asked questions in poker is how to calculate the size…

The river offers the least complicated strategy of any betting street. With no further cards…

GTO solutions are designed to be unexploitable, performing reasonably well no matter how your opponents…

Most players understand how the Independent Chip Model (ICM) in poker impacts their strategy preflop,…

While lots of work has been placed into research and explanation of heads-up pot strategy,…

The Independent Chip Model (ICM) shows us the real money implications of tournament chip decisions.…

In poker, a PKO (Progressive Knockout) tournament is a type of tournament where a portion…

Master the art of turn analysis in poker. Understand how the turn card changes the…

Learn the principles of turn strategy in poker and discover what makes the turn unique.…

Tournament poker is not as different from cash game poker as people sometimes assume. Most…

A Game Theory Optimal solver is an algorithm that calculates the best possible poker strategy.…

The central strategic implication of stack depth is the question of how much equity a…

The Independent Chip Model (ICM) was invented in 1987 by M. Malmuth and is one…

Tools like GTO Wizard and other solvers should not be used to memorize specific strategies.…

Game theory, or GTO (for Game Theoretically Optimal), is best understood not as a rigid…

GTO Wizard’s range vs range equity distribution graphs are an excellent tool for visualizing which…

Leverage refers to the risk of future betting. When you call a bet on the…

You’re probably accustomed to thinking of bets as either value or bluff. In this taxonomy,…

Poker is a game of small edges and big swings. Every hand is an investment…

Can a poker hand be courageous? How does your ability to value bet future streets…

“Pot Geometry” refers to betting an equal fraction of the pot on each street, such…

Combinatorics is a fancy term for evaluating the number of possible “combinations” (combos) of any…

Stack-to-pot ratio, or SPR, is a way of measuring how deep the effective stack is…

Variance and Bankroll Management. Vital Soft Skills for Every Poker Player.

Welcome to the wonderful world of game theory optimal poker! This article will serve as…

Indifference in poker is one of the most misunderstood concepts. The word “indifference” means that…

An “abstraction” is a way to simplify the game of poker. This game is so…

Pot Odds and MDF are foundational mathematical formulas in poker.

Poker is a complicated game. It’s impossible to calculate GTO strategies on the fly. By…

The term “fold equity” is ambiguous in the poker community. Firstly, it’s an EV equation,…

MDF & Alpha. Minimum Defence Frequency and Alpha are metrics on poker that determine how…

Pot odds are a fundamental calculation in poker. In the simplest terms, pot odds tell…

Advanced players will often tell you that your range affects your strategy.

Implied odds are the value you expect to gain over and above your raw equity.…

As a tournament player, you may have heard about the concept of “ICM”, but what…

The term “Equity” is ubiquitous throughout poker theory. Equity refers to your chances of winning…

“Morphology” is the study of form or structure. You’ve probably heard terms thrown around such…

Expected value (EV) is the most fundamental metric in poker. Every decision you make is…

So, you’ve got your own solutions to some spot, compared it to GTO Wizard, and…

Understanding Nash Distance. One of the most common questions when studying with solvers is “Why…

Today we have a special puzzle for you that will test your intuition as a…

The 10 Most Important Concepts for New Poker Players. Fundamentals are one of the most…

The meaning of GTO in poker is Game Theory Optimal. Game theory is a study…

So what exactly is a GTO strategy? What makes it “unexploitable”? What does it try…